The main part is pretty straightforward though it appears that the program works manually. I guess the question is when do you want Hazel to do this? As new files appear? You could do something like:
If date added is today and
name does not start with "filed-"
then
sort into subfolder : filed-(date added)
This will sort files as they reach the desktop into a folder starting with the name "filed-" and with the date added tacked onto the end. By default, date added doesn't show the time so it will just be the year-month-day. You can edit the date format to suit your needs.
The reason for prepending "filed-" to the folder name is so that Hazel doesn't take those folders and try and sort them as well. You can achieve this through other means by using a pattern match on the name and not match if it resembles a date.
In addition, you can add rules for Hazel to clean up these dated folders since over time I can only imagine them creating more clutter.